In early 2011, my partner forwarded a YouTube video of a swordsman doing battle with his own shadow, live on stage in Tokyo. It was intriguing, the first example I'd seen of computer graphics interacting with a live performer via motion capture or motion tracking. Since then, teamLab has evolved the technique, and their most recent adventure can be seen here, in both live and post-produced versions:
"Opening video of 'Sports Japan' for overseas sports programs of NHK's international broadcast service. 'Video work that expresses the unique Japanese movement and image linked to the image space was constructed by Japanese view of the world and linear movement of the dancers.'"
Dancer: Katsumi Sakakura
Animation: teamLab
The "unplugged" version:
A couple of earlier performances by the same dancer:
"Black Sun is a meticulously choreographed projection of motiongraphics onto dance, combining traditional and modern elements of Japanese culture and martial arts. Artist Nobuyuki Hanabusa and dancer Katsumi Sakakura, together known as Kagemu, have since been widely imitated by others."
"Japanese talent show 'Showtime': performance group Kagemu combines CG and live action into an impressive performance."
And from 2011, Sword Dance and Shadowgraph:
"A sword battle unfolds between Taichi Saotome and his own shadow.
Special New Year performance of Dragon and Peony, the Galaxy Theatre, Tokyo, Japan."